Whether it's for tourism, business, family visits, or conferences, many international travelers require a Temporary Resident Visa (TRV) or an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) to enter Canada. These are not work permits, but they're essential for legal entry. This guide clarifies the differences, application steps, and key requirements for both. For complex cases—like previous refusals or inadmissibility—legal help from firms like Titan Law (Vancouver, BC) can provide critical clarity and support.
Section 1: What’s a TRV and Who Needs It?
TRV (Visa Sticker) — Required for nationals from countries without visa-exempt status; issued by a Canadian visa office.
Common Use Cases: Visiting family or friends, attending events, or exploring Canadian cities.
Application Requirements: Valid passport, proof of funds, intent to leave post-visit, travel itinerary, sponsors (if any), and possibly biometric data and criminal background check.
Section 2: What’s an eTA and Who Qualifies?
eTA (Electronic Travel Authorization) — Required for visa-exempt travelers flying to or transiting via Canada.
Applicable Countries: Many Western countries fall under visa-exempt status (e.g., EU, UK, Japan, Australia).
Application: Quick online process, typically processed in minutes; linked digitally to your passport.
Section 3: Key Differences — TRV vs. eTA
| Feature | TRV (Temporary Resident Visa) | eTA (Electronic Travel Authorization) |
|---|---|---|
| Required for | Visa-required nationals | Visa-exempt citizens |
| Validity | Single or multiple entry, up to 10 years | Up to 5 years or passport expiry |
| Processing Time | Weeks to months | Minutes to a few days |
| Application Process | Paper-based or online; includes biometrics | Fully online; minimal documentation |
| Purpose | Visiting, business, family | Tourism, transit via air |
| Requires In-person Visit? | Sometimes (biometrics) | Rarely needed |
Section 4: Tips for a Successful Application
TRV Applicants Should:
Clearly demonstrate ties to their home country (job, family, property).
Have strong travel plans and proof of purpose.
Gather complete documentation, including financial proofs and invitation letters if applicable.
Address any past refusals or inadmissibility upfront—this is where law firms like Titan Law can provide invaluable assistance to explain the situation and prepare marshalling statements.
eTA Applicants Should:
Ensure their passport is valid.
Answer eligibility questions accurately.
Use the correct passport when booking flights to ensure proper linkage.
Section 5: Special Scenarios
Previous Visa Refusals — Legal opinion can aid in applying again with stronger documentation.
Criminal Inadmissibility — Applicants may need criminal rehabilitation or TRP (Temporary Resident Permit). Legal counsel from firms like Titan Law is essential here.
When a TRV is Denied — You may seek reconsideration or explain changes in circumstances. Legal counsel improves the chances of a successful outcome.
Section 6: Beyond Entry — Work and Study Pathways
After entering Canada on a visitor visa, visitors might explore:
Work Permit Conversion (via LMIA or open work options)
Study Permit (for educational programs)
Spousal Sponsorship
PR Pathways via Express Entry or PNP alignment while on visitor status.
Titan Law can guide visitors through these transitions seamlessly—and legally.
Understanding the differences between TRVs and eTAs is essential for anyone planning to visit Canada. Incorrect documentation or process missteps can lead to refusals or entry bans. For those in complex situations—previous refusals, criminal inadmissibility, or nuanced application cases—professional legal assistance from a trusted firm like Titan Law in Vancouver can significantly improve success and peace of mind.
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